This book portrays a vision of modern cosmology which ranges from the most recent ideas on the very early universe, discussed by V. N. Lukash and I. D. Novikov, to present studies about large scale structure in chapters by B. Jones and J. Einasto. Special attention is paid to the theoretical and observational aspects of primordial nucleosynthesis by Hubert Reeves and Bernard Pagel and to the microwave background radiation which were discussed by J. L. Sanz. It records the proceedings of the Second Canary Islands Winter School on Astrophysics at which eight eminent figures in cosmology gathered to discuss this exciting field.