This issue of Clinics in Perinatology reviews Healthcare Associated Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Guest Editors Drs. Karen Fairchild and Richard Polin have assembled a panel of expert contributors to pen articles on: Epidemiology and Risk Factors for NICU HAI: Genes and Environment Strategies to Reduce NICU HAI: Line, Tube, and Hand Hygiene Candida in the NICU: Pros and Cons of Prophylaxis; MRSA in the NICU New Concepts of Microbial Translocation in the Neonatal Intestine: Mechanisms and Prevention Antibiotic Resistance in NICU Pathogens: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Prevention Biomarkers for LONS: Cytokines and Beyond Heart Rate Variability: A Novel Physiomarker for Sepsis Detection in the NICU Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Perinatal Infection and Prematurity Meningitis in Neonates: Bench to Bedside