This book presents a new view of Robert Boyle (1627–91), the leading British scientist in the generation before Newton. It comprises a series of essays by scholars from Europe and North America which scrutinise Boyle’s writings on science, philosophy and theology in detail, bringing out the subtlety of his ideas and the complexity of his relationship with his context. Particular attention is given to Boyle’s interest in alchemy and to other facets of his ideas which might initially seen surprising in a leading advocate of the mechanical philosophy. Many of the essays use material from among Boyle’s extensive manuscripts, which have recently been catalogued for the first time. The introduction surveys the state of Boyle studies and deploys the findings of the essays to offer a revaluation of Boyle. The book also includes a bibliography of writings on Boyle since 1940.