Diseases once believed to be confined to the tropics, such as parasitic, mycobacterial, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections are still a major cause of mortality and moribidity in the tropics, yet can affect the developed world in an era of increased global travel and migration. Neuroimaging technique developments over the last several decades have helped clinicians better understand and diagnose these conditions. Experts from tropical countries share their experiences regarding tropical disorders, some of which are rare in the western world, but possible to appear in patients and not readily recognized by specialists not familiar with these diseases. Topics in this issue include: Relevance of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of tropical neurologic disorders; Pathology of Tropical Diseases; Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Tuberculosis; Parasitic diseases of nervous system; Neuroimaging in Post-infectious Demyelination and Nutritional Disorders of the Central Nervous System; CNS Fungal Infections in the Tropics; Neuroimaging Epilepsy in the Tropics; Neuroimaging in Cranio-Vertebral Anomalies as seen in Tropics; Vascular Brain Pathologies; Neurobrucellosis; Hirayama Disease; Transverse Myelitis; and Pyomyositis.