This issue of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, devoted to the topic of lipids, provides the most essential updates and new treatments in the field. The following subject matter is addressed: assessment of the effectiveness of advanced lipoprotein testing; rosk scores for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes; lifestyle and dietary approaches to lowering LDC-cholesterol and triglycerides, and raising HDL-cholesterol; comparative efficacy and safety of statins, ezetimibe, bile acide binders, and combinations for lowering LDL-C; alternative therapies for reducing LDL-C, including intestinal bypass, and new medications such as squalene synthase inhibitors, ApoB antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA's of Apo B and proprotein convertase subtilism kexin 9 (PCSK9); myopathic problems of statins; pharmacologic management of hypertriglyceridemia, including fibric acids, niacin, and fish oils; new treatments for raising LDL cholesterol, lipid management in special patient populations, including pediatric, geriatric, and patients with HIV; lipid management in renal failure, hemodialysis, and transplantation.