Lactose: Evolutionary Role, Health Effects, and Applications is a professional reference that addresses the latest research from the fields of food science, nutritional science, and evolutionary biology. The book presents an overview of the qualities of lactose, beginning with the intriguing evolutionary biology advantages linked to lactose digestion in humans. In addition, the book addresses how lactose’s physiological effects differ from other saccharides and impact human health. The rationale for the application of lactose as an ingredient in products—for example, as a pharmaceutical carrier—is also discussed. Written in close collaboration by key experts with years of study and practice, Lactose: Evolutionary Role, Health Effects, and Applications is the first book to address this topic exclusively. Scientists and nutritionists in academia and the dairy and food industry, as well as health professionals, will benefit from this valuable resource.