Nowadays, not only is the research on nanoscale is among the most active fields in current science, but it is also being gradually introduced into our daily lives. The purpose of this book is to provide the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research activities in the field of innovative nanomaterials. This book is a comprehensive and complete introductory text on the synthesis, characterizations, novel properties, and applications of various innovative nanomaterials. The first part emphasizes the chemical and physical approaches used for the syntheses of various innovative nanomaterials. The second part mainly focuses on various applications of various nanostructured materials.