Complexity and Complex Thermoeconomic Systems describes the properties of complexity and complex thermo-economic systems as the consequence of formulations, definitions, tools, solutions and results consistent with the best performance of a system. Applying to complex systems contemporary advanced techniques, such as static optimization, optimal control, and neural networks, this book treats the systems theory as a science of general laws for functional integrities. It also provides a platform for the discussion of various definitions of complexity, complex hierarchical structures, self-organization examples, special references, and historical issues. This book is a valuable reference for scientists, engineers and graduated students in chemical, mechanical, and environmental engineering, as well as those in physics, ecology and biology, helping them better understand the complex thermodynamic systems and enhance their technical skills in research.