Scientists and engineers use computer simulations to study relationships between a model's input parameters and its outputs. Thorough parameter studies are, however, challenging, if not impossible, when the simulation is expensive and the model has several inputs. To enable studies in these instances, the engineer may attempt to reduce the dimension of the model's input parameter space. Active subspaces are an emerging set of dimension reduction tools that identify important directions in the parameter space. This book describes techniques for discovering a model's active subspace and proposes methods for exploiting the reduced dimension to enable otherwise infeasible parameter studies. Readers will find new ideas for dimension reduction, easy-to-implement algorithms, and several examples of active subspaces in action. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in computational science, applied mathematics, statistics, and engineering.