This open access book gives comprehensive empirical insights on  connected and automated driving (CAD) of road transport vehicles which leads to the driver being partially or completely replaced by automation. The current trend towards widespread research and development of automation of motorised individual transport is driven by the expected benefits, such as increased road safety, smoother traffic flow, reduction of congestion, or use of driving time for other activities. CAD has the potential to change several dimensions of the transport system, ranging from changes in car ownership to the availability of entirely new mobility services. Some proponents even expect CAD to revolutionise the current transport system as a whole. In order to make informed statements about the possible impact of CAD on transport systems, research must consider a wide range of open questions: In what way do the existing framework conditions of the prevailing mobility systems affect the impact of CAD? How does the governance style relate to regulatory changes and resource allocation in the development of CAD? Is an autonomous ride-hailing service really a profitable business case? What are the attitudes and expectations towards CAD in the general public? What are the effects of CAD on transport systems? What are other impacts of CAD that should be assessed? All of these questions were addressed within different projects as part of the Japanese-German Research Cooperation on CAD and can be discovered by the reader of this book.