Defense Transportation: Algorithms, Models and Applications for the 21st Century contains papers divided into three general sections according to the title of this text: algorithms, models, and applications. The first section on algorithms contains papers that are theoretical in nature or contain new techniques that relate to Defense Transportation System (DTS) processes. A sampling of the papers contained in this section deals with group theoretic "tabu" search techniques, shortest path sailing distance algorithms, and strategic airlift model validation methods. The second section contains papers on various transportation models used throughout the DoD and transportation industry, as well as some newly developed transportation modelling methods that may eventually find their way into larger scale transportation models. A review of the major strategic mobility models is also contained in this section. The third section contains papers on various transportation applications that have been used to support various DTS studies and analyses. This section also contains a diverse set of topics, with articles ranging from a paper on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) strategic lift requirements to an analysis paper on theater reception, staging, onward movement, and integration.