This is an introduction to modern Banach space theory, in which applications to other areas such as harmonic analysis function theory, orthogonal series and approximation theory are also given prominence. The author begins with a discussion of weak topologies, weak compactness and isomorphisms of Banach spaces before proceeding to the more detailed study of particular spaces. The book is intended to be used with graduate courses in Banach space theory, so the prerequisites are a background in functional, complex and real analysis. As the only introduction to the modern theory it will be an essential companion for professional mathematicians working in the subject, or interested in applying it to other areas of analysis.